Sulfur oxides in the form of sulfur dioxide (SO2) or sulfur trioxide (SO3) is a usual parameter when monitoring air pollutants from stationary sources.
For generators, boilers, firepumps and other fuel-burning equipment, the parameter used for emission monitoring is SO2.
For non-fuel burning scrubbers, sulfuric acid plants, industries with sulfonation process, and other stationary sources, the parameter used is SO3.
The SO2 emission concentration standard1 applicable to generator sets, boilers and firepumps classified as existing2 is 1500 mg/NCM. For those classified as new3, the maximum permissible emission concentration is 700 mg/NCM.
For sulfuric acid plants and industries with sulfonation process, the emission concentration standard is 2000 mg/NCM for existing2, and 1500 mg/NCM for new3.
For non-fuel burning scrubbers and other stationary sources, the maximum permissible emission concentration is 1000 mg/NCM for those classified as existing2, and 200 mg/NCM for those classified as new3.
Fuel burning equipment having problems with their SO2 emissions, using alternative fuels such as low sulfur fuel oil (LSFO) or blended fuel oil (BFO) that are assured of low or less than 1 percent sulfur content is a recommended solution.
Bunker fuels have high sulfur content. Emission concentration is expected to be high and above the permissible limits. Sulfur content of fuel should be below 1% to achieve emission concentrations below the standard.
Other solutions to sulfur oxide emission concentration exceedance are limestone feeding and employing a dry or wet scrubber to the system. Technical evaluation and assessment will be needed to determine which air pollution control process or equipment will best fit the industry.
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